Box breathing (equal-length Inhale • Hold • Exhale • Hold) slows respiration and can shift the autonomic balance toward a calmer, parasympathetic state.
- Slow, evenly timed breathing can increase vagal activity / parasympathetic dominance. Zaccaro 2018
- HRV often improves with slow/paced breathing and HRV biofeedback. Lehrer & Gevirtz 2014
- Breath-focused attention can support executive control / reduce cognitive load. Laborde 2017
Evidence summaries above; see FAQ for additional sources and cautions.